“另外，我想向你们指出学习神学的正确方法，因为我有过实践。如果你坚持下去，你将变得如此博学，以至于你自己（如果有必要）可以写出与教父和议会的书一样好的书，即使我（在上帝面前）也敢于假设和吹嘘，没有傲慢和傲慢。撒谎说，在写书的问题上，我并没有落后于一些父亲。在我的一生中，我绝不能做出同样的夸耀。这是神圣的大卫王在诗篇第十九篇中所教导的方式（无疑也被所有族长和先知所使用）。在那里你会发现整篇诗篇中充分呈现的三个规则。它们是 Oratio、Meditatio、Tentatio。” 马丁·路德，“路德德国著作维滕贝格版序言”， 路德著作，卷。34，p。285.[原文斜体]
祷告、默想和患难（Anfechtung）为路德理解圣经奠定了基础。在这里，路德试图展示学习神学的正确方法，他从诗篇 119 开始。学习神学是真正虔诚的一部分，也是基督徒生活奋斗的一部分。
“首先，你应该知道，圣经是一本将所有其他书籍的智慧变成愚蠢的书，因为除了这本书之外，没有一本教导永生。因此，你应该立即对你的理性和理解感到绝望……但是跪在你的小房间里[马特。6:6在 Logos 圣经软件中打开（如果有） ]并以真正的谦卑和恳切向上帝祈祷，求他通过他的爱子赐予{p. 6:6}。286、你是他的圣灵，他会启发你，引导你，并给你理解。同上，第 285-86 页。
路德相信，只有通过真正信仰所激发的祈祷，才能真正理解圣经。当我们祈求上帝通过圣子通过圣灵启发我们的理解时，整个三位一体就发挥作用。对于路德（和他之前的许多基督徒一样）来说，上帝通过虔诚、虔诚地研究他的话语来行事：
“其次，你应该禅修，即不仅要在心里禅修，而且要 在外在禅修，通过实际地重复 和比较书中的口头语言和字面意思，并用勤奋的注意力和反思来阅读和重读 它们，这样你就可以看到什么圣灵指的是他们。并且要注意，当你读、听、讲一两次它们时，不要感到疲倦或认为你已经做得足够了，然后你就完全理解了。如果你这样做，你永远不会成为一个特别好的神学家，因为你会像不合时宜的果子，在成熟之前就落到了地上……因为如果没有外在的道，神不会给你他的灵；因为神不会把他的灵赐给你。所以请从中吸取教训。他表面上所发出的写作、讲道、阅读、聆听、歌唱、演讲等命令并不是徒劳的。” 同上，p。286.[强调]
“Moreover, I want to point out to you a correct way of studying theology, for I have had practice in that. If you keep to it, you will become so learned that you yourself could (if it were necessary) write books just as good as those of the fathers and councils, even as I (in God) dare to presume and boast, without arrogance and lying, that in the matter of writing books I do not stand much behind some of the fathers. Of my life I can by no means make the same boast. This is the way taught by holy King David (and doubtlessly used also by all the patriarchs and prophets) in the hundred nineteenth Psalm. There you will find three rules, amply presented throughout the whole Psalm. They are Oratio, Meditatio, Tentatio.” Martin Luther, “Preface to the Wittenberg Edition of Luther’s German Writings,” Luther’s Works, vol. 34, p. 285. [Italics in original]
Prayer, meditation, and tribulation (Anfechtung) laid the foundation for Luther’s understanding of Scripture. Here Luther seeks to demonstrate the proper means to study theology and he begins with Psalm 119. Studying theology takes place as a part of true piety and within the struggles of the Christian life.
“Firstly, you should know that the Holy Scriptures constitute a book which turns the wisdom of all other books into foolishness, because not one teaches about eternal life except this one alone. Therefore you should straightway despair of your reason and understanding….But kneel down in your little room [Matt. 6:6Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)] and pray to God with real humility and earnestness, that he through his dear Son may give {p. 286} you his Holy Spirit, who will enlighten you, lead you, and give you understanding.” Ibid., pp. 285-86.
Luther believed a true understanding of Scripture could only take place through prayer inspired by true faith. The entire Trinity acts as we pray for God to enlighten our understanding by the Holy Spirit through the Son. For Luther (as with many Christians before him) God acts through the devout, prayerful study of his Word:
“Secondly, you should meditate, that is, not only in your heart, but also externally, by actually repeating and comparing oral speech and literal words of the book, reading and rereading them with diligent attention and reflection, so that you may see what the Holy Spirit means by them. And take care that you do no grow weary or think that you have done enough when you have read, heard, and spoken them once or twice, and that you then have complete understanding. You will never be a particularly good theologian if you do that, for you will be like untimely fruit which falls to the ground before it is ripe…For God will not give you his Spirit without the external Word; so take your cue from that. His command to write, preach, read, hear, sing, speak, etc, outwardly was not given in vain.” Ibid., p. 286. [Emphasis added]
Google translate from: https://steadfastlutherans.org/blog/2014/06/martin-luther-on-studying-theology-and-reading-scripture/
No comments:
Post a Comment